(1) NORTH EASTERN DEVELOPMENT FINANCE CORPORATION LTD. (NEDFI) Vs. M/S L. DOULO BUILDERS AND SUPPLIERS CO. PVT. LTD.[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 16-12-2025 Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002 (SARFAESI Act, 2002) — Applicability in Nagaland — Constitutional Mandate — Article 371A of the Constitution of India — Special provision with respect to the State of Nagaland — Article 371A(1)(a)(iv) stipulates that no Act of Parliament concerning ownership and transfer of land and its resources shall apply to Nagaland unless the Legislative Assembly resolves so — SARFAESI India Law Library Docid # 2436961
(2) SANJAY KUMAR UPADHYAY Vs. STATE OF JHARKHAND AND OTHERS[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 16-12-2025 Bihar Reorganisation Act, 2000 — Section 34(4) — Transfer of proceedings and effect of orders — Section 34(4) provides that any order made by the High Court at Patna before the appointed day in certain proceedings, shall for all purposes have effect not only as an order of the High Court at Patna but also as an order made by the High Court of Jharkhand — This deeming provision ensures continuity of judicial India Law Library Docid # 2436962
(3) CEMENT CORPORATION OF INDIA Vs. ICICI LOMBARD GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 16-12-2025 Insurance Law — Fire Insurance Policy — Scope of Coverage — Proximate Cause — Repudiation of Claim — Loss occasioned by fire following an attempted theft/burglary — Policy covered 'Fire' as a specified peril with limited exclusions which did not include theft/burglary preceding the fire — Insurer denied claim arguing that the proximate cause was theft/burglary, which was excluded under the Riots Strike and Malicious Damages (RSMD) clause — Held: Once the loss is caused India Law Library Docid # 2436963
(4) JAYANTIBHAI CHATURBHAI PATEL Vs. STATE OF GUJARAT[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 16-12-2025 Penal Code, 1860 (IPC) — Section 376(2)(d) — Rape — Appreciation of Evidence — Conviction solely based on First Information Report (FIR) or previous statements of hostile witnesses — Admissibility and reliability — Victim (PW-1) and her husband (PW-2) turned hostile and did not support the prosecution case during trial — Court should be slow to act on the testimony of hostile witness and normally India Law Library Docid # 2436964
(5) RAJ PAL SINGH Vs. RAJVEER AND OTHERS[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 16-12-2025 Penal Code, 1860 (IPC) — Section 302 read with Section 34 — Murder — Appeal against acquittal — Powers of Appellate Court — Reversal of acquittal — Principles — The guilt of the accused must be established beyond reasonable doubt (must or should, not may be) — Once an accused is acquitted, the presumption of innocence is reinforced — Interference by the appellate court must be minimal and guided by "substantial and compelling reasons" — Reversal should not occur merely because India Law Library Docid # 2436965
(6) R. ASHOKA Vs. STATE OF KARNATAKA AND OTHERS[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 16-12-2025 Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (CrPC) — Section 482 — Inherent powers of High Court to quash FIR — Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 — Allegations against former Minister (Chairman of Regularisation Committee) regarding illegal land allotments to non-eligible persons — Principles for quashing FIR reiterated, including where institution and continuance of proceedings amount to abuse of process of court or securing ends of justice, or where proceedings are manifestly India Law Library Docid # 2436966
(7) TAMIL NADU GENERATION AND DISTRIBUTION CORPORATION LTD. Vs. M/s PENNA ELECTRICITY LIMITED[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 16-12-2025 Electricity Law — Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) — Commercial Operation Date (COD) — Firm Power vs. Infirm Power — Payment of Fixed Charges — Applicability of Regulations — Dispute regarding whether power supplied by generating company (respondent) to distribution licensee (appellant) during the relevant period (29.10.2005 to 30.06.2006) should be treated as "firm power" entitling the respondent to fixed charges, or "infirm power" entitling only variable charges — India Law Library Docid # 2436967
(8) STATE OF U.P. Vs. AJMAL BEG ETC[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 15-12-2025 Penal Code, 1860 (IPC) — Section 304-B and 498-A) — Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 (DPA, 1961) — Sections 3 and 4 — Dowry Death — Appeal against acquittal — Setting aside High Court's acquittal and restoring Trial Court's conviction — Essential ingredients of Section 304-B IPC established by consistent prosecution evidence regarding dowry demand (motorcycle, TV, and cash) and continuous India Law Library Docid # 2436870
(9) THE STATE OF UTTAR PRADESH THROUGH PRINCIPAL SECRETARY AND OTHERS Vs. MILKIYAT SINGH AND OTHERS ETC.[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 15-12-2025 Multi-State Cooperative Societies Act, 2002 — Section 103 — Cooperative societies functioning immediately before reorganisation of States — Object and scope of ‘deemed conversion’ — Section 103 does not automatically convert a cooperative society registered under a State Act into a multi-State cooperative society merely due to State reorganisation (e.g., bifurcation of Uttar Pradesh into Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand) — The conversion under Section 103 depends on whether the 'objects' India Law Library Docid # 2436871
(10) MANOJBHAI JETHABHAI PARMAR (ROHIT) Vs. STATE OF GUJARAT[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 15-12-2025 Criminal Law — Conviction based on Circumstantial Evidence — Appreciation of Evidence — Principles Governing Circumstantial Evidence — A conviction based entirely on circumstantial evidence must satisfy five conditions: (1) Circumstances must be fully established; (2) Facts established must be consistent only with the hypothesis of guilt; (3) Circumstances must be conclusive in nature and tendency; (4) They must exclude every possible hypothesis except guilt; (5) Chain of evidence must India Law Library Docid # 2436872
(11) MOIDEENKUTTY Vs. ABRAHAM GEORGE[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 15-12-2025 Agreement to Sell — Breach of Contract — Refund of Advance — Suppression of Material Fact — Reversal of Trial Court decree by High Court — High Court relying solely on a fleeting admission in cross-examination of plaintiff regarding prior knowledge (August 25, 2008) of mortgage on property, despite agreement being executed later (September 10, 2008) and parties admitting to no prior interaction before September 2008 — Supreme Court held reliance on such solitary, abstract India Law Library Docid # 2436873
(12) DANESH SINGH AND OTHERS Vs. HAR PYARI (DEAD) THR. LRS. AND OTHERS[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 15-12-2025 Transfer of Property Act, 1882 — Section 52 — Doctrine of Lis Pendens — Scope and Applicability — Transfer of mortgaged property pendente lite (after institution of suit by bank for recovery/foreclosure but before execution/attachment) is hit by Section 52 — Lack of knowledge of proceedings or possession of No Encumbrance Certificate does not constitute a valid defence against lis pendens, as the doctrine is India Law Library Docid # 2436874
(13) DIRECTOR OF INCOME TAX (IT)-I, MUMBAI. Vs. M/S. AMERICAN EXPRESS BANK LTD.[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 15-12-2025 Income Tax Act, 1961 — Sections 37(1), 44C — Deduction of Head Office Expenditure in case of Non-Residents — Interpretation of Section 44C and 'Head Office Expenditure' — Distinction between ‘Common’ and ‘Exclusive’ Expenditure — Section 44C, being a special provision with a non-obstante clause, governs the quantum of allowable deduction for any expenditure incurred by a non-resident assessee that qualifies as 'head office expenditure' — The definition of 'head office India Law Library Docid # 2436875
(14) NAYAN BHOWMICK Vs. APARNA CHAKRABORTY[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 15-12-2025 Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 — Sections 13(1)(i-a) and 13(1)(i-b) — Divorce — Desertion and Cruelty — Irretrievable Breakdown of Marriage — Where parties have been living separately for a long period (24 years in this case) without any prospect of reconciliation, this long period of separation amounts to mental cruelty to both parties, justifying dissolution of marriage — The marriage is deemed to have broken down irretrievably — Fact that spouses hold strongly views and refuse to accommodate India Law Library Docid # 2436876
(15) M/S NATIONAL INSURANCE CO. LTD. Vs. NEERU DEVI AND OTHERS[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 15-12-2025 Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 — Compensation — Assessment of income of deceased — Standard of proof — Where claimants assert a high monthly income (Rs. 95,000/-) for the deceased (a transport contractor owning two trucks), which exceeds the taxable limit, failure to produce Income Tax Returns (ITR) is highly relevant and undermines the claim — The contention that high EMI payments (approx. Rs. India Law Library Docid # 2436877
(16) DEVENDRA KUMAR TRIPATHI AND OTHERS Vs. THE ORIENTAL INSURANCE COMPANY LTD. AND ANOTHER[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 15-12-2025 Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 — Compensation for Death of a Child — Calculation of Compensation — Deceased 14-year-old schoolboy — Principles adopted for calculating compensation for death of child — Notional monthly income adopted based on Minimum Wages Act, 1948 for a Class B city (Rs. 5400/- per month) — Addition of 40% for future prospects — Multiplier of 15 adopted based on Reshma India Law Library Docid # 2436878
(17) THE DIRECTOR OF TOWN PANCHAYAT AND OTHERS Vs. M. JAYABAL AND ANOTHER ETC.[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 12-12-2025 Service Law — Compassionate Appointment — Nature of right — Appointment on compassionate bases is a concession, not a matter of right, and serves as an exception to the general rule of public employment under Articles 14 and 16 of the Constitution of India — Core objective is to enable the dependent family to tide over sudden financial crisis following the death of the employee, providing relief against India Law Library Docid # 2436750
(18) SITHARA N.S. AND OTHERS Vs. SAI RAM GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 12-12-2025 Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 — Section 166 — Claim Petition — Standard of Proof — In motor vehicle accident claims, the standard of proof is based on preponderance of probabilities, not proof beyond reasonable doubt — However, claimants must establish three elements: (i) occurrence of accident; (ii) involvement of the specific offending vehicle; and (iii) rash and negligent act of the driver — Mere occurrence of India Law Library Docid # 2436751
(19) LIFE INSURANCE CORPORATION OF INDIA AND ANOTHER Vs. VITA[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 11-12-2025 Public Premises (Eviction of Unauthorised Occupants) Act, 1971 — Scope and Applicability — Overriding Effect over State Rent Control Legislations — Whether PP Act 1971 prevails over State Rent Control Acts (such as Maharashtra Rent Control Act, 1999 or Delhi Rent Control Act, 1958) regarding eviction from 'Public Premises' defined under Section 2(e) — Both PP Act 1971 and State Rent Control Acts are India Law Library Docid # 2436681
(20) PRADEEP ARORA AND OTHERS Vs. DIRECTOR, HEALTH DEPARTMENT, GOVT. OF MAHARASHTRA AND OTHERS[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 11-12-2025 Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897 — Prevention and Containment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Regulations, 2020 (Maharashtra) — Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana (PMGKY) Package: Insurance Scheme for Health Workers Fighting COVID-19 — Insurance Claim — Eligibility — Requisition of Services — Private medical practitioners — Interpretation of "requisition" in the context of pandemic India Law Library Docid # 2436682