(81) M.K. RANJITSINH AND OTHERS Vs. UNION OF INDIA AND OTHERS[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 19-12-2025 Environmental Law — Wildlife Protection and Conservation — Protection of Great Indian Bustard (GIB) and Lesser Florican (LF) — Conflict between conservation goals and green energy generation (solar/wind) — Supreme Court modified earlier blanket prohibition on overhead transmission lines based on Expert Committee recommendations to balance non-negotiable preservation of GIB with sustainable development and India's international climate change commitments — India Law Library Docid # 2437133
(82) LAKSHMANAN Vs. STATE THROUGH THE DEPUTY SUPERINTENDENT OF POLICE AND OTHERS[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 19-12-2025 Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (CrPC) — Section 439(2) — Cancellation of Bail — Annulment of Bail — Distinction — Cancellation of bail is generally based on supervening circumstances and post-bail misconduct; Annulment of an order granting bail is warranted when the order is vitiated by perversity, illegality, arbitrariness, or non-application of mind — High Court granted bail ignoring prior cancellation of bail due to commission of murder by accused (while on bail) of a key witness in the first India Law Library Docid # 2437134
(83) K.P. KIRANKUMAR @ KIRAN Vs. STATE BY PEENYA POLICE[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 19-12-2025 Penal Code, 1860 (IPC) — Section 366A, 372, 373, 34 — Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956 (ITPA) — Section 3, 4, 5, 6 — Child Trafficking and Commercial Sexual Exploitation — Evidence of Minor Victim — Appreciation of Evidence — Concurrent findings of fact by Trial Court and High Court regarding conviction for procuring and sexually exploiting a minor victim upheld — Prosecution case substantially corroborated by testimony of minor victim (PW-13), India Law Library Docid # 2437135
(84) UNION OF INDIA AND OTHERS Vs. PRANAB KUMAR NATH[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 19-12-2025 Service Law — Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) Rules, 2001 — Rule 18(b) — Recruitment: Disqualification — Second Marriage — Rule 18(b) disqualifies a person who, having a spouse living, has entered into or contracted a marriage with another person from appointment to the Force — Respondent, a CISF Constable, was dismissed from service for marrying a second time while his first marriage subsisted, violating Rule 18(b) — Held, the rule is a service condition intended to maintain India Law Library Docid # 2437136
(85) PATCHAIPERUMAL @ PATCHIKUTTI AND ANOTHER Vs. STATE REP. BY INSPECTOR OF POLICE AND ANOTHER[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 19-12-2025 Penal Code, 1860 (IPC) — Section 302 read with 34, 148, and 341 — Murder —Appeal against reversal of acquittal — Appellate court’s duty in overturning acquittal — Trial court’s acquittal based on "imaginary and illusionary reasons" and misappreciation of evidence, including attributing undue significance to minor contradictions and perceived manipulation of delayed FIR submission, justifies India Law Library Docid # 2437137
(86) M/S SRI OM SALES Vs. ABHAY KUMAR @ ABHAY PATEL AND ANOTHER[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 19-12-2025 Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (CrPC) — Section 482 — Inherent powers of High Court — Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 — Section 138 (Dishonour of cheque for insufficiency of funds) — Quashing of criminal proceedings — Scope of inquiry at pre-trial stage — When complaint discloses all necessary ingredients of Section 138 of N.I. Act, High Court should not conduct a roving inquiry into disputed questions of fact, such as whether the cheque was issued for the discharge of a legally India Law Library Docid # 2437138
(87) SYED SHAHNAWAZ ALI Vs. THE STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH AND OTHERS[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 19-12-2025 Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (CrPC) — Sections 397 and 401 — Criminal Revision — Abatement on death of Revisionist — Distinction between Abatement of Appeal (Section 394) and Revision — Lack of specific provision for abatement of revision and substitution of legal heirs — Revisional power is discretionary, exerted suo motu, to ensure justice and examine correctness/legality of subordinate court India Law Library Docid # 2437128
(88) RATNANK MISHRA AND OTHERS Vs. HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT ALLAHABAD THROUGH REGISTRAR GENERAL[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 19-12-2025 Service Law — High Court Staff — Regularization — Discrimination — Appellants (Operator-cum-Data Entry Assistants/Routine Grade Clerks) appointed by Chief Justice under Rules 8(a)(i), 41, and 45 of Allahabad High Court Officers and Staff (Conditions of Service and Conduct) Rules, 1976 — High Court refused regularization of Appellants while regularizing numerous similarly situated employees appointed through the same channel — Justification based on whether India Law Library Docid # 2437129
(89) MAYANKKUMAR NATWARLAL KANKANA PATEL AND ANOTHER Vs. STATE OF GUJARAT AND ANOTHER[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 19-12-2025 Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC), 1973 — Section 311 — Power to summon material witness, or examine person present — Principles governing exercise of power — Application seeking to examine minor child (aged 4 years 9 months at time of incident) seven years after incident and after examination of 21 prosecution witnesses — Necessity of witness for 'just decision of the case' — The power under India Law Library Docid # 2437130
(90) SHARP BUSINESS SYSTEM THR. FINANCE DIRECTOR MR. YOSHIHISA MIZUNO Vs. COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX-III N.D[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 19-12-2025 Income Tax Act, 1961 — Section 37(1) — Revenue Expenditure vs. Capital Expenditure — Non-compete fee — Whether payment of non-compete fee constitutes allowable revenue expenditure or capital expenditure — Non-compete fee is paid to restrain a competitor, which protects or enhances the business profitability and facilitates carrying on the business more efficiently — Such payment neither creates a new asset nor increases the profit-earning apparatus for the payer, meaning the India Law Library Docid # 2437131
(91) KOUSIK PAL Vs. B.M. BIRLA HEART RESEARCH CENTRE AND OTHERS[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 19-12-2025 West Bengal Clinical Establishments (Registration, Regulation and Transparency) Act, 2017 — Sections 2(c), 2(v), 29, 33, 36, 38(1)(iii), 38(1)(x) — Scope and Jurisdiction of West Bengal Clinical Establishment Regulatory Commission (Commission) — Power to adjudicate deficiency in patient care service and award compensation — Commission's jurisdiction extends to monitoring qualifications of service pro India Law Library Docid # 2437355
(92) RAJASTHAN HIGH COURT AND ANOTHER Vs. RAJAT YADAV AND OTHERS[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 19-12-2025 Constitution of India, 1950 — Articles 14 and 16 — Equality in Public Employment — Reservation — Migration of Meritorious Reserved Category Candidates — A candidate belonging to a reserved category (SC/ST/OBC), who secures marks higher than the cut-off marks prescribed for the General/Open category, must be treated as a General/Open category candidate based purely on merit at every stage of the selection process India Law Library Docid # 2437356
(93) RAJESH UPADHAYAY Vs. THE STATE OF BIHAR AND ANOTHER[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 18-12-2025 Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (CrPC) — Section 389 — Suspension of execution of sentence pending appeal and release on bail — Scope and distinction with bail — Appellate Court must record proper reasons for suspending sentence; it should not be passed as a matter of routine — The Appellate Court must not reappreciate evidence or attempt to find lacunae in the prosecution case at this stage — Once convicted, the India Law Library Docid # 2437075
(94) M/S. SURGUJA BRICKS INDUSTRIES COMPANY Vs. STATE OF CHHATTISGARH AND OTHERS[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 18-12-2025 Tender and Contract — Eligibility Criteria — Interpretation of "prime contractor" and "in the same name and style" — Requirement of work experience — Where an NIT's pre-qualification document requires "each prime contractor in the same name and style (tenderer)" to have completed previous work, and the term "prime contractor" is undefined, its meaning must be derived from common parlance as the India Law Library Docid # 2437088
(95) M/S. CARBORANDUM UNIVERSAL LTD. Vs. ESI CORPORATION[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 18-12-2025 Employees’ State Insurance Act, 1948 — Section 45A — Determination of contributions in certain cases — Preconditions for invoking Section 45A — Section 45A is a special provision for best-judgment assessment applicable only when an employer fails to submit, furnish, or maintain returns, particulars, registers, or records as required by Section 44, OR obstructs an Inspector or official in discharging duties India Law Library Docid # 2437089
(96) PUNIMATI AND ANOTHER Vs. THE STATE OF CHHATTISGARH AND OTHERS[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 18-12-2025 Penal Code, 1860 (IPC) —Section 302 read with Sections 149 and 148 — Murder —Conviction affirmed by High Court — Appeal to Supreme Court — Sufficiency of evidence — Role of interested/related witnesses — Deposition of PW-4 (mother of deceased and alleged eyewitness) scrutinized closely — Material contradictions found in PW-4’s evidence regarding the manner of assault and who informed her — Failure India Law Library Docid # 2437090
(97) RADHIKA T. Vs. COCHIN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND OTHERS[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 18-12-2025 Cochin University of Science and Technology Act, 1986 — Section 31(10) and 31(11) — Selection and Appointment — Validity of Rank List and Communal Rotation — Harmonious Construction — Section 31(10) stipulates that the Rank List remains valid for two years, and vacancies arising during this period "shall be filled up from the list so published" — Section 31(11) mandates that "Communal rotation shall be followed category-wise" — These sub-sections operate in distinct spheres but India Law Library Docid # 2437076
(98) RANJEET BABURAO NIMBALKAR Vs. STATE OF MAHARASHTRA AND ANOTHER[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 18-12-2025 States Reorganisation Act, 1956 — Section 51(3) — Appointment of additional places of sitting for High Court — Scope and Nature of Power — Section 51(3) confers an independent, statutory, and continuing power upon the Chief Justice of a High Court, with the approval of the Governor, to appoint additional places of sitting for the Judges and Division Courts for the more convenient transaction of judicial India Law Library Docid # 2437077
(99) BHARAT MITTAL Vs. STATE OF RAJASTHAN AND OTHERS[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 18-12-2025 Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 — Sections 138, 141 and 148 — Dishonour of cheque — Interpretation of 'drawer' in Section 148 — Whether an Appellate Court can mandate a deposit under Section 148 against a convicted director or authorized signatory when the company is unavailable for prosecution due to a legal impediment (like winding up) — Conflict in interpretation — The penal nature of Section 138 proceedings is intertwined with compensatory/remedial objectives, warranting a India Law Library Docid # 2437078
(100) RAMESH KUMAR JAIN Vs. BHARAT ALUMINIUM COMPANY LIMITED (BALCO)[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 18-12-2025 Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 — Sections 5, 34, and 37 — Scope of Judicial Intervention — Minimal Judicial Intervention — The Act mandates minimal judicial intervention; judicial interference is limited to the grounds explicitly stipulated in the Act, primarily where the award is against the public policy of India, the fundamental policy of Indian Law, or suffers from patent illegality — Courts India Law Library Docid # 2437079