(121) NOUSHAD Vs. STATE OF KERALA AND ANOTHER[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 05-01-2026 Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 — Section 438 — Anticipatory Bail — Supreme Court grants anticipatory bail to the appellant by setting aside the High Court's order rejecting the bail application — Appellant directed to furnish cash security and two sureties, cooperate with the trial, not misuse liberty, and not influence witnesses or tamper with evidence. India Law Library Docid # 2438362
(122) SUBHAM KUMAR GUPTA @ SHUBHAM KUMAR GUPTA Vs. STATE OF JHARKHAND[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 05-01-2026 Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (CrPC) — Section 389(1) — Suspension of sentence and grant of bail pending appeal — Appellant convicted under Section 302/120B IPC and sentenced to life imprisonment — Appeal pending before High Court — Interlocutory Application for suspension of sentence and bail dismissed by High Court — Supreme Court considers the appellant's period of custody and the India Law Library Docid # 2438374
(123) MAHESH KUMAR AGARWAL Vs. UNION OF INDIA AND OTHERS[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 19-12-2025 Constitution of India, 1950 — Article 21 — Right to travel abroad and right to hold a passport as a facet of personal liberty — Any restriction on this right must be fair, just, and reasonable, and proportionate to a legitimate purpose — The State’s power to restrain a citizen’s freedom must be narrowly confined, proportionate, and clearly anchored in law. India Law Library Docid # 2437139
(124) DR. AMIT ARYA Vs. KAMLESH KUMARI[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 19-12-2025 Specific Relief Act, 1963 — Section 28 (1) — Decree for specific performance — Payment of purchase money — Extension of time — Execution of decree — Where a decree for specific performance allows a period for the purchaser to pay the purchase money, the court has the power under Section 28(1) to extend this time on such terms as it deems fit — The power to extend time for performance of the conditions of the decree cannot be the end of the transaction, and adopting a hyper-technical approach India Law Library Docid # 2437140
(125) TARACHANDRA Vs. BHAWARLAL AND ANOTHER[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 19-12-2025 M.P. Land Revenue Code, 1959 (MPLRC) — Sections 109, 110 — Mutation of Land Records — Acquisition of Right — Mutation based on a Will — The MPLRC and the Madhya Pradesh Bhu-Rajasv Sanhita (Bhu-Abhilekhon Mein Namantaran) Niyam, 2018, do not prohibit mutation based on a registered will; application for mutation based on a will must be considered on merits — Full Bench decision of the High Court confirmed that an application for mutation based on a will cannot be rejected at the threshold — Where India Law Library Docid # 2437141
(126) BELIDE SWAGATH KUMAR Vs. STATE OF TELANGANA AND ANOTHER[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 19-12-2025 Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (CrPC) — Section 482 — Quashing of criminal proceedings — Penal Code, 1860 (IPC) — Section 498A (Cruelty by husband or relatives) — Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 (DP Act) — Sections 3 and 4 (Penalty for giving/taking/demanding dowry) — Allegations of matrimonial discord and cruelty — High Court refused to quash FIR and consequent complaint case against husband (appellant) for Section 498A IPC and DP Act charges, despite quashing proceedings India Law Library Docid # 2437142
(127) BHIKA RAM AND ANOTHER Vs. STATE OF RAJASTHAN AND OTHERS[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 19-12-2025 Rajasthan Land Revenue Act, 1956 — Section 16 — Creation of Revenue Villages — Naming Convention — Circular dated 20.08.2009, Clause 4 — Policy regarding naming — Clause 4 mandates that the name of a new Revenue Village shall not be based on any person, religion, caste, or sub-caste — Names "Amargarh" and "Sagatsar" derived from names of individuals (Amarram and Sagat Singh) — Naming India Law Library Docid # 2437143
(128) STATE OF U.P. AND ANOTHER Vs. MOHD ARSHAD KHAN AND ANOTHER[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 19-12-2025 Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (CrPC) — Quashing of FIR — Protection from Arrest — Directions for time-bound investigation — High Court, while declining to quash the FIR, directed the completion of investigation within 90 days and granted protection from arrest till the court takes cognizance (following 'Shobhit Nehra v. State of U.P.') — 'Legality': Such directions granting protection from arrest while India Law Library Docid # 2437144
(129) M.K. RANJITSINH AND OTHERS Vs. UNION OF INDIA AND OTHERS[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 19-12-2025 Environmental Law — Wildlife Protection and Conservation — Protection of Great Indian Bustard (GIB) and Lesser Florican (LF) — Conflict between conservation goals and green energy generation (solar/wind) — Supreme Court modified earlier blanket prohibition on overhead transmission lines based on Expert Committee recommendations to balance non-negotiable preservation of GIB with sustainable development and India's international climate change commitments — India Law Library Docid # 2437133
(130) LAKSHMANAN Vs. STATE THROUGH THE DEPUTY SUPERINTENDENT OF POLICE AND OTHERS[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 19-12-2025 Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (CrPC) — Section 439(2) — Cancellation of Bail — Annulment of Bail — Distinction — Cancellation of bail is generally based on supervening circumstances and post-bail misconduct; Annulment of an order granting bail is warranted when the order is vitiated by perversity, illegality, arbitrariness, or non-application of mind — High Court granted bail ignoring prior cancellation of bail due to commission of murder by accused (while on bail) of a key witness in the first India Law Library Docid # 2437134
(131) K.P. KIRANKUMAR @ KIRAN Vs. STATE BY PEENYA POLICE[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 19-12-2025 Penal Code, 1860 (IPC) — Section 366A, 372, 373, 34 — Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956 (ITPA) — Section 3, 4, 5, 6 — Child Trafficking and Commercial Sexual Exploitation — Evidence of Minor Victim — Appreciation of Evidence — Concurrent findings of fact by Trial Court and High Court regarding conviction for procuring and sexually exploiting a minor victim upheld — Prosecution case substantially corroborated by testimony of minor victim (PW-13), India Law Library Docid # 2437135
(132) UNION OF INDIA AND OTHERS Vs. PRANAB KUMAR NATH[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 19-12-2025 Service Law — Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) Rules, 2001 — Rule 18(b) — Recruitment: Disqualification — Second Marriage — Rule 18(b) disqualifies a person who, having a spouse living, has entered into or contracted a marriage with another person from appointment to the Force — Respondent, a CISF Constable, was dismissed from service for marrying a second time while his first marriage subsisted, violating Rule 18(b) — Held, the rule is a service condition intended to maintain India Law Library Docid # 2437136
(133) PATCHAIPERUMAL @ PATCHIKUTTI AND ANOTHER Vs. STATE REP. BY INSPECTOR OF POLICE AND ANOTHER[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 19-12-2025 Penal Code, 1860 (IPC) — Section 302 read with 34, 148, and 341 — Murder —Appeal against reversal of acquittal — Appellate court’s duty in overturning acquittal — Trial court’s acquittal based on "imaginary and illusionary reasons" and misappreciation of evidence, including attributing undue significance to minor contradictions and perceived manipulation of delayed FIR submission, justifies India Law Library Docid # 2437137
(134) M/S SRI OM SALES Vs. ABHAY KUMAR @ ABHAY PATEL AND ANOTHER[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 19-12-2025 Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (CrPC) — Section 482 — Inherent powers of High Court — Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 — Section 138 (Dishonour of cheque for insufficiency of funds) — Quashing of criminal proceedings — Scope of inquiry at pre-trial stage — When complaint discloses all necessary ingredients of Section 138 of N.I. Act, High Court should not conduct a roving inquiry into disputed questions of fact, such as whether the cheque was issued for the discharge of a legally India Law Library Docid # 2437138
(135) SYED SHAHNAWAZ ALI Vs. THE STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH AND OTHERS[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 19-12-2025 Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (CrPC) — Sections 397 and 401 — Criminal Revision — Abatement on death of Revisionist — Distinction between Abatement of Appeal (Section 394) and Revision — Lack of specific provision for abatement of revision and substitution of legal heirs — Revisional power is discretionary, exerted suo motu, to ensure justice and examine correctness/legality of subordinate court India Law Library Docid # 2437128
(136) RATNANK MISHRA AND OTHERS Vs. HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT ALLAHABAD THROUGH REGISTRAR GENERAL[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 19-12-2025 Service Law — High Court Staff — Regularization — Discrimination — Appellants (Operator-cum-Data Entry Assistants/Routine Grade Clerks) appointed by Chief Justice under Rules 8(a)(i), 41, and 45 of Allahabad High Court Officers and Staff (Conditions of Service and Conduct) Rules, 1976 — High Court refused regularization of Appellants while regularizing numerous similarly situated employees appointed through the same channel — Justification based on whether India Law Library Docid # 2437129
(137) MAYANKKUMAR NATWARLAL KANKANA PATEL AND ANOTHER Vs. STATE OF GUJARAT AND ANOTHER[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 19-12-2025 Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC), 1973 — Section 311 — Power to summon material witness, or examine person present — Principles governing exercise of power — Application seeking to examine minor child (aged 4 years 9 months at time of incident) seven years after incident and after examination of 21 prosecution witnesses — Necessity of witness for 'just decision of the case' — The power under India Law Library Docid # 2437130
(138) SHARP BUSINESS SYSTEM THR. FINANCE DIRECTOR MR. YOSHIHISA MIZUNO Vs. COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX-III N.D[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 19-12-2025 Income Tax Act, 1961 — Section 37(1) — Revenue Expenditure vs. Capital Expenditure — Non-compete fee — Whether payment of non-compete fee constitutes allowable revenue expenditure or capital expenditure — Non-compete fee is paid to restrain a competitor, which protects or enhances the business profitability and facilitates carrying on the business more efficiently — Such payment neither creates a new asset nor increases the profit-earning apparatus for the payer, meaning the India Law Library Docid # 2437131
(139) KOUSIK PAL Vs. B.M. BIRLA HEART RESEARCH CENTRE AND OTHERS[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 19-12-2025 West Bengal Clinical Establishments (Registration, Regulation and Transparency) Act, 2017 — Sections 2(c), 2(v), 29, 33, 36, 38(1)(iii), 38(1)(x) — Scope and Jurisdiction of West Bengal Clinical Establishment Regulatory Commission (Commission) — Power to adjudicate deficiency in patient care service and award compensation — Commission's jurisdiction extends to monitoring qualifications of service pro India Law Library Docid # 2437355
(140) RAJASTHAN HIGH COURT AND ANOTHER Vs. RAJAT YADAV AND OTHERS[SUPREME COURT OF INDIA] 19-12-2025 Constitution of India, 1950 — Articles 14 and 16 — Equality in Public Employment — Reservation — Migration of Meritorious Reserved Category Candidates — A candidate belonging to a reserved category (SC/ST/OBC), who secures marks higher than the cut-off marks prescribed for the General/Open category, must be treated as a General/Open category candidate based purely on merit at every stage of the selection process India Law Library Docid # 2437356